Labor problems
The early industrialization period also had the problem of the early establishment of modern factories. Being an agricultural-based country with an underdeveloped infrastructure coping with the Industrial workspace made Industrialization more imbalanced. The country being labor-based, the workforce problem also played an important role. Different regions wanted different people for work. In the case of industrialization, proper utilization of labor became a problem. A unique labor management system was required in this period, and hence the problems were faced in this aspect.
It is also seen that after industrialization, the wage rate of the laborers also increased because only the efficient and most effective laborers got the hold of the job. So the worker with the skills charged more wages, so the cost of retaining the laborers also increased. Productivity also increased as the laborers were paid a satisfying wage rate to motivate them to work at the given mark.
They were again coming to the phase of the industrial revolution. It has been a significant problem, and I want a change in revolutionary activity to ensure that the laborers’ problem gets solved. So, due to the revolutionary changes, many activities changed, and it became beneficial for the laborers. Classical liberalism, capital marketing, and others were the new aspects that rose in revolutionary activities before and after industrialization. The economic scales rose to a high level, and thus the changes and upgradation took place and after wisely.
After industrialization, a significant change and a positive change that was seen in the working space is that the involvement of women increased. Women got employed, and equal treatment was given to them. Child labour also also reduced after this industrialization.
Work conditions were different for every sphere but to see that the critical contribution was seen along with the productive output. No such techniques and applications were there and used so that the system got hampered or corrupted. Essential roles were played by every single person of the members involved in the industry. It was also seen that industrialization caused social changes and also improved the administration process.
It is also seen that the introduction of the mechanism and the different assembly lines in the factory changed the production system. The main work was divided into more minor work, and then the whole work was executed. This increased the efficiency and helped in the working with skilled labor and efficiency. It was also seen that beforehand the maximum number of workers were semi-skilled or not skilled. But this divide and work policy helped in controlling and building the skills. This also increased the profit of the owner as the product produced was of better quality and hence increased the price. But it was also seen in the long run that the workers were thinking and feeling that they were becoming machines and were not working with their will and were working as if they were forced to. They felt dislocated, and critics began to arise. It was also seen that the safety measures were also tortured in this case of industrialization as the number of accidents increased as the introduction of the new ma hinges increased the risk.
So, to conclude, we have seen both positive and negative sides of industrialization and analyzed the problems that the laborers have faced. We can say that the efficiency and increase in product quality and the profit have a significant effect in industrialization. Still, the drawbacks such as the unemployment case of the labourers after industrialization, security issues are also to be meant for taken concern of.
There has been a massive gap between the rich and poor in India. Society is divided into the basis of classes, and the poor people are only considered the labor class of the society. There are many issues faced due to labor issues. Which includes illiteracy, unemployment, lack of labor reforms, industrial backwardness? To talk about it in detail, illiteracy is a significant issue in industrialization and labour problems. Laborers being illiterate, can’t adopt new techniques and new strategies. They cannot adopt the process quickly, and thus, and it becomes a significant problem. Thus it can be said that the literacy rate of the laborers is an excellent issue in industrialization. Adapting new technology is the main factor, but it becomes problematic for literate labourers to cope with. They are coming to the unemployment issues. The laborers are getting substituted with the technologies. The new working space is becoming a technology and machine-based working space, so the laborers are getting substituted with the new industrial technologies and are getting unemployed. This is also a leading cause of the problem of labour in the up growing industrialization. And the primary problem is that the laborers are not getting proper skills and guidance, so up-gradation is becoming a problem. Thus it is getting problematic for industrialization and upliftment. Labor reforms are also not taking place, so the betterment of industries is also not taking place, and as a result, the acts are not getting sanctioned for the betterment of the workers. Thus problems are arising for the people or the laborers. In addition, the management process of the industrial labor is also not to the point, so the laborers do not reach efficiency.
Thus, we can say that the labor market of India is suffering from various problems. Various laws and order are to be followed to follow a proper implementation of a particular issue. Capitalist control should be uniformly distributed so that the problem of labor gets solved. It is the duty of the government so that proper policies are to be formulated so that the problem gets solved with ease. It is also suggested that the reforms are also to be done so that the new suggestions, ideas and needs of the laborers get rectified. We also know that excessive machine dependence affects the health of the human being as it makes unfit. Hence, it is to be seen that the proper emphasis is given on planning, and focus is to be given on balanced industrialization.
India has the most significant number of poverty cases in so many megacities like Mumbai. Because of less education of skills, lack of employment opportunities and a big family and the small number of earnings this took place in India. And most of the minor workers like migrants are from rural areas, so traveling is a big reason as most of the family has one earning member, which is also not massive. Moreover, house and expenses India is growing number of poor people. Most of those people work in mills like trade, cotton or textiles mills and most of all situated in big cities like Kolkata or Mumbai. as per newspaper we get to know about the big strike of 18th Jan 1982.and for that more than 80 mills got disappeared and 65 mills got closed and 150000 workers lost their job.
As per Mumbai government, there were 130 textile mills, and few of them are so important. And few of those mills people have rebuilt it like building or moss or some other. In those textiles, there were nearby 300000 workers use to work there and used to get $2.25 for men and $1.50 for women, and those workers would stay in their kind of quarters, but they had to pay rent for it.
As per few newspapers, more than 260000 workers go on strike, and one of the big reasons was how much payment they would get that wasn’t enough to survive their life, and most of them were single earners in their family. Moreover, they need to pay rent from their fees, so they said to reduce their living expenses per the owner’s order. Still, because of low cost and low maintenance, they were making babies. Those were making the reason of poverty, and a large number of those workers consist of low skill rural migrants, or few were from small towns. They had no right to enter the central city, nor would they go for better opportunities because of their little education and no other skills, so they wouldn’t be able to get better-paid options. And because of the strike, so many workers lost their job. Their numbers were growing day by day, and most of them were small earning members, so they moved in a high level of poverty; as per news, in 1924, called a strike with few leaders and 65 along with mills in Mumbai.
And after that, one more strike took place in 1928,1929 and 1982and those were memorable strikes. After a long battle, those owners denied giving them concessions because of those strikes, most industries moved away, and nearby 80 mills of Central Mumbai were closed.
And the second big reason was those workers wanted to approve their union by BIRA.
Because of this strike, most workers, more than 150000 lost their jobs,and all those companies are disappearing and reducing their workers. And because of staying in the permanent period of job they didn’t go for other skills, so it was getting tough to survive with their family where daily kinds of stuff prices were growing so much. so they are becoming poor. Because of losing job, they were losing their opportunities too what they were getting like house and a few more.
At that time, those who all have lost their jobs were compelled to work informal sectors, and because of their bit good salary, they were making their status a bit high. It was helping their children go for studies and earn a bit more from other companies, and for that, they were able to buy shawls in Mumbai, and now they are permanent people of Mumbai Bollywood film directors have made so many films on them too.
Thirdly there is unemployment. With the rapid increase in population, the unemployment problem has reached its height. This was the leading cause of industrialization. As industries generate, there are a lot of employment opportunities. Next which comes into the list is the quality and the quantity of products. The quality of the product is the most critical factor. Goods are formed easily with the help of standardized machines, and thereby, in a brief period, many goods can be prepared. Goods can be found at much cheaper rates as compared to domestic products. Therefore as industrialization took its place, there were a lot of consequences. Urbanization was the first. With the rapid increase in industrialization, the rate of urbanization was more, and it was encouraged throughout, specific bunches of manufacturing towns were also formed.
Initially, the emphasis was focused on primary and secondary areas, but it has slightly shifted to the tertiary industry with the increase in industrialization. The second is the exploitation of resources. There is an inevitable increase in the exploitation of resources in an unsustainable manner. The depletion of natural resources initially threatened human resources. An increase in the use of modern technology encounters the quick and efficient extraction of natural resources. The next is the change in family structure. The industrialization has brought a rapid change in industrialization. Due to the deficiency of residential accommodation in industrialized towns, the joint family structure becomes very difficult to sustain. The next which comes in the list is the health problems caused due to industrialization. It has spawned many diseases, which include many health issues. Water, noise, air pollution have increased at a certain rate which has thereby resulted in various problems. The labor problem was the major issue that was caused as a result of industrialization. With the introduction of the assembly line and the mechanization in the factory, the production of goods was increasingly subdivided into smaller ones. These tasks did not demand very skilled workers, and they demanded a low-skilled worker. Thereby, more workers were not given their proper position, and thereby, semi-killed by the industry. The factory system has increased its productivity significantly, thereby bringing a lot of profit to the owners. But in this situation, the workers were the only victims. They were used as machines. Many workers lost their self-control over the work. They felt very disgusted and alienated from their work. The workers lost their power from the process of work. The low wage was also a very prominent problem that the laborers faced. They were highly skilled but didn’t receive the sufficient wages they deserve from their work. But in industries, some workers were very low-skilled and used to receive a lot more than they deserved. There was also child labor which flourished due to industrialization. Not only the child but there were also women labor. Employers embraced women and child labor because paying them less would also show more than paying the high-skilled employee less. This concept prevailed due to the cultural conception of women and youth, which was believed to be inferior to men.
Most child laborers was unhealthy and very dangerous. By that time, child labor has taken its place so that two children are employed in every five children. Working-class families often found it challenging to meet their expenses due to low wages. With time, their wages increased, but their expenses for living also increased with the increase in time. So it was pretty tricky for the laborers to meet their needs. Their working hours were extending day by day. Working hours solely depend on the industry, but work hours could be ten, twelve, or fourteen hours per day. The work even continued for even six to seven days a week. Some industries, such as the steel industry, have their duties continuously twenty-four hours on and twenty-four hours off. Many critics thought that the long hours and the relentless hard work were exploiting the workers, but this was one of the first working conditions imposed to improve the labor conditions until the labor union became active and came into play.
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