Review On the Previous Studies
Coconut shell
Utsev and Taku (2012) have studied coconut shell ash as a potential partial replacement for cement. In the study, the coconut shell was subjected to uncontrolled combustion using open-air burning for three hours. They found out that using 15% partial replacement of O.P.C. with C.S.A. and water ratio of 0.5 met the required compressive strength for lightweight concrete. It was noted that the initial setting time was above the recommended value of 45min BS12(1991).
Adeala et al. (2020) investigated the potential use of coconut shell ash as a partial replacement of O.P.C. in concrete production. The study showed that 10% replacement of C.S.A. has the lowest water absorption of 0.66%.XRF analysis showed that the C.S.A. belongs to class F. The C.S.A. affects the workability of fresh concrete; an increase in C.S.A. content in the concrete mix led to a decrease in workability.
According to Parthasanthi et al. 2020 investigated the impact of partial replacement of cement by coconut shell ash and coarse aggregate by coconut shell on the mechanical properties of concrete. It was noted that the density of concrete decreased due to the substitution of CSCA instead of C. A and C.S.A. instead of cement. The compressive strength of concrete increased up to a replacement level of 15% C.A by CSCA and C.S.A. caused a reduction of compressive strength.
Seawater
According to Moinul et al. (2011), they experimented on the suitability of seawater on curing and compressive strength of structural concrete. He found out that concrete specimens made with plain water and cured in seawater showed a loss in strength of around 6%, whereas concrete samples made with seawater and cured in a seawater environment showed a loss in strength of around 10% as compared to the similar concrete specimens made and cured with plain water.
Additionally, further research was done by Falah (2010) on the effect of seawater for mixing and curing on structural concrete. It was found that concretes mixed and cured in seawater have higher compressive, tensile, flexural, and bond strengths than concretes mixed and cured in fresh water in the early ages at 7 and 14 days. The strengths after 28 and 90 days for concrete mixes mixed and cured in freshwater increase gradually.
Eggshell powder
Parthasarathi (2017) conducted an experimental study on replacing cement with eggshell powder and silica fumes. He found out that the compressive strength of the concrete with eggshell powder as replacement of cement material increases up to 15% without silica fumes.
Moreover, based on the study carried out by Njoroge (2016), it was found out that eggshell ash can be used as an accelerator in concrete. He found out that a decrease of more than 50% of setting time for 2.5% addition.
Research gap
Previous studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cement with either coconut shell ash or eggshell powder on the mechanical properties of the concrete. However, no study has been carried out to investigate the effect of using the mixture of two on the durability of the resulting concrete while varying the curing environment.
Main objective
Effect of seawater as a curing agent on the durability of coconut shell concrete
Specific objective
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