Child Health Case: Assessment of an overweight child
Introduction
Evidence-based research shows that overweight is a major health issue affecting children and adults, making it a major public health concern. The prevalence of obesity among back children is higher than whites and is a consequence of health throughout childhood and adulthood. In this case scenario, an obese five-year-old with obese parents spends his after-school time with his grandmother. Both his parents are forced to work hard more than usual, to meet their daily needs. Therefore they do not have enough time to engage in health promotion strategies for themselves and their son hence the obesity issues in the whole family. According to Ruiter et al. (2020), than meeting the health costs to deal with obesity, they prefer to work hard to provide for the family livelihood; hence neglecting their health needs to fulfill other basic needs like food, clothes, and shelter.
Health issues and risks that are relevant to the obese child
Children who have obesity have a high chance of becoming adults with obesity, which means they are at higher risk of developing associated commodities such as diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and breathing problems. This health issues result in medical and economic costs to the family and society (Jarvis et al., 2017). A child with obesity has a high risk of developing high cholesterol and high blood pressure, which are risk factors for heart disease. Obesity results in hardening of the arteries, which results in Atherosclerosis, a common cause of the cardiovascular disease (Romain et al., 2018). Another health risk associated with childhood obesity is the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent among overweight children, with an estimation that one in three children with overweight will develop diabetes in their lifetime.
Also, a child with obesity has a high risk of developing berthing problems such as sleep apnea which develops when a child stops breathing for a short time during sleep which can be life-threatening and can cause heart failure (Romain et al., 2018). Additionally, an obese child has a risk of developing asthma. Research indicates that a large number of overweight children have developed asthma. This is because of obstruction of efficient airflow, which results in problems breathing. Another health risk is gallstone which has a high prevalence among obese children. Finally, according to Romain et al. (2018), an obese child has a high risk of joint pain because of the extra weight, which stresses the knees and hips, causing pain, injuries, and back pain.
Additional information is needed in order to assess the child’s weight-related health further.
The case scenario has provided age, sex, and family history of the child, but additional information is required, which includes
Risks and further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the childs health.
The major risk factor of childhood obesity has parents who are obese, whereby a child whose both parents are overweight has a high risk of up to 80% of being overweight due to genetic and environmental contributors (De Onis et al., 2019). The risk factors associated with childhood obesity are;
How to gather this information in a sensitive fashion
When gathering information, it is important to be culturally sensitive, adhere to issues relating to consent and confidentiality and use appropriate data collection techniques to be able to gather relevant quality and useful information without offending the patient or parents in this case of a child (Ball et al., 2017). Gathering information from any patient uses data collection techniques such as interviews, surveys, or focused groups. In this case, using a simple interview to gather information from the patient who is a child is the best option. The question should be direct and use a simple term which a child can understand. Another method is using observation which is appropriate for the young client under the age of six because it involves watching and inspecting the patient and making relevant conclusions.
Questions to ask the parents and caregivers to gather more information
Parents and caregivers can provide relevant information that children cannot be able to give. Therefore using sensitive questions which do not offend them or their child and make them wary of sharing information is appropriate to encourage sharing and clarifying. The following questions should be asked to collect the required information;
Strategies to encourage the parents or caregivers to be proactive about their childs health and weight
The healthcare organization, together with government and non-governmental organizations, should develop programs that should target the black children and their families who are vulnerable to obese families to eliminate health disparities and to promote healthy behaviors and activities, which helps in improving quality of life (Jarvis et al., 2017). The following proactive strategies enhance children health and weight;
Parents are responsible for modeling good eating attitudes and habits for their children by decrease the intake of sugary and fat-saturated foods and increasing fruits, vegetables, and water intake in the diet (Ruiter et al., 2020). Families should include guidance from healthcare professionals like nutritionists to help maintain a healthy weight.
References
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2017).Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination-E-Book: An Interprofessional Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.
De Onis, M., Borghi, E., Arimond, M., Webb, P., Croft, T., Saha, K., … & Flores-Ayala, R. (2019). Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight, and stunting in children under five years.Public health nutrition,22(1), 175-179. DOI:
Jarvis, J. W., Harrington, D. W., & Manson, H. (2017). Exploring parent-reported barriers to supporting their childs health behaviors: A cross-sectional study.International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity,14(1), 1-10. DOI
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12966-017-0508-9
Romain, A. J., Marleau, J., & Baillot, A. (2018). Impact of obesity and mood disorders on physical comorbidities, psychological well-being, health behaviors, and use of health services.Journal of affective disorders,225, 381-388. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016503271731409X
Ruiter, E. L., Saat, J. J., Molleman, G. R., Fransen, G. A., van Der Velden, K., van Jaarsveld, C. H., … & Assendelft, W. J. (2020). Parents underestimation of their childs weight status. Moderating factors and change over time: A cross-sectional study.PloS one,15(1), e0227761.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0227761
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