Phenomenon: How employees in the Michigan area who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of education and marital status on veteran homelessness in Michigan.
RQ1: How do employees who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of education on veteran homelessness[FPDC2]?
RQ2: How do employees who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of marital status on veteran homelessness?
The military continues to deploy servicemen and servicewomen in more tours of duties to meet operational needs, so the problem of homeless veterans remains an issue as this nation is still actively deploying (Roy, 2016). Many studies on veteran homelessness explored risk factors such as the risk for selfdirected violence (Hoffberg, Spitzer, Mackelprang, Farro, & Brenner, 2017). Further studies identified independent risk factors of the homeless such as disability-related discharges after five years using retrospective data making literature on risk factors for homeless veterans plentiful (Fargo et al., 2017). However, as researchers pointed out, there remains a need to explore more than risk factors of veteran homelessness as they are examined post-homelessness (Woolsey & Naumann, 2015). Though literature identified risk factors to homelessness (Fargo et al., 2017; McKeever et al., 2006; Tsai & Cao, 2019; Tsai & Rosenheck, 2018; Zaidi & Foy, 1994) and risk associated with being a homeless veteran (Evans, Glover, Washington, & Hamilton, 2018; Hoffberg et al., 2017; Tsai & Cao, 2019), there are no studies that identified the possible influence of marital status or education has on veteran homelessness from a qualitative point of view of employees who serve homeless veterans.
Studies also explored protective factors for homelessness. A recent study conducted by Tsai, Hoff, and Harpaz-Rotem (2017) indicated that veterans who were not married and were also diagnosed with a drug use disorder were two times more likely to become homeless, however, marital status was not explored independently. Some of the protective factors against veteran homelessness include transitional housing programs (both residential and permanent housing) as well as other non-VA community-based programs (Tsai & Rosenheck, 2018). The identification of additional influences education or marital status has on homelessness could contribute to the literature on veteran homelessness by examining if education and marital status influence veteran homelessness. Still, there is a gap in the literature that exists on whether employees who serve homeless veterans view marital status or education as protective factors against veteran homelessness. This study intends to fill that gap by exploring if marital status and or education are viewed as having an influence on veteran homelessness from the viewpoint of Detroit employees who work with the veteran homeless population.
Many of the veterans returning home are at risk for homeless because of a variety of factors such as returning to an unstable home, unemployment after transition, mental health issues, and substance abuse disorders (Tsai & Rosenheck, 2018). Results from this study could assist in the creation of interventions that could prevent the prevalence of veterans being homeless and even homelessness for all individuals affected. As a result, this study will add to the body of literature on homeless veterans by exploring if education and marital status have an influence on veteran homelessness from the viewpoint of employees who work with homeless veterans.
This study will utilize a qualitative methodology. A qualitative study is used when researchers want to inquire about “Why” and “How” (Yin, 2017). A qualitative methodology allows the researcher to examine a phenomenon in-depth and collect participant’s perceptions from sources that can give details of their own lived experiences (Yin, 2017). Quantitative methodology is used by researchers who want to quantify large data collections and examine if differences or relationships exist between two or more variables (Bruce, Pope, & Stanistreet, 2017; Yin, 2017). Quantitative studies can answer questions such as “how much”.
Since this study does not intend to quantify and differences or relationships but to explore perceptions of participants, a qualitative methodology was chosen. A quantitative methodology was considered for this study but not chosen. A qualitative study was chosen to provide an in-depth understanding and conversation regarding if education and marital status influence veteran homelessness (Johnson & Christensen, 2014).
This study will use a qualitative descriptive design. This study plans to explore protective factors, specifically, education and marital status that could reduce the risk of veteran homelessness. A descriptive study approach was chosen because the data collected can offer homeless veteran employees’ perspectives about education and marital status as a protective factor for homelessness in the veteran population. A qualitative descriptive study may advance the level of comprehension regarding if education and marital status influence veteran homelessness (Gutierrez et al., 2013). A phenomenological approach was considered but not chosen as this study intends to gain their perceptions of the influence education and marital status influence veteran homelessness and not their lived experience (Pelletier, 2012). Therefore, since this study intends to gather the perceptions of employees who serve homeless veterans, a qualitative descriptive study design is appropriate.
A descriptive study design will assist in highlighting and summarizing the details of the collected data from the participants’ viewpoints. The target population of this study is 12 employees of homeless veterans who are affiliated with a veteran Facebook group. Twelve participants will be recruited to ensure the GCU descriptive design minimum of 10 participants are achieved after accounting for possible attrition. The researcher will distribute a recruitment request in a Facebook group with admins permission requesting participants to use the provided Survey Monkey link. Data sources for this study will include questionnaires, interviews, and a focus group to collect the data need for this study.
Homelessness. Hagar (2015) states the federal government defines homelessness are people who have a disability with no place to call home. Individuals who live on the streets or living in homeless shelters, people who have experienced homeless for at least a year, or who have experienced homelessness more than four times in three years. Further, individuals living in abandoned cars abandoned buildings, and living on the streets are considered identified as being chronically homeless. Various individuals who experience chronic homelessness will also suffer family predicament, loss of employment, severe mental disorders, and substance abuse disorder (Hagar, 2017). Individuals or families who are endangered of losing their home through evictions within a specific number of days who lack the incomes to live more than two weeks in a motel or hotel. Also, the landlord will not allow the renter to live for more than two weeks living in uninhibited buildings, living in a motor vehicle, train station, airport, or campgrounds. However, homeless families with children and teens are identifying under other programs. Also, Individuals and families who live a supervised housing that is funded by state and federal government.
Non- Veterans. For this writing, the term nonveteran will be used to describe individuals that were in the military but did not complete 24 months of services. Individuals who did not complete their basic training and were disqualified, persons who were in the Nation Guard who were never deployed would be considered, the person who discharged with other than honorable discharge from the army forces would be considered a non-veteran and may not qualify for veteran benefits.
Other than honorable discharge. Other than honorable (OTH) discharge from the military is an administrative separation that was given to the soldier for misbehavior, deceitful admission security reasons, for soldiers awaiting court-martial based upon a pattern of acts or lapses that create a grave departure from the behavior expected of a soldier.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, according to Diagnostical Statistics Manuel 5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) was known as battle fatigue during WWII and in the last twenty years, the name was changed to PTSD as much more solid develop it after suffering from a traumatic experience. The individuals diagnosed with PTSD would relive the traumatic event even years later, individual isolations from others, having negative thoughts or feeling after a traumatic experience, and hyper-alertness. The individual’s access for PTSD should not be on medication or using drugs. Also, the symptoms must last for at least one month to make the case for PTSD which also causes the individuals to manifest functional and mental impairment.
Substance use disorder. according to the National Institute for mental health (NIMH) that addiction to drugs is a mental health disorder. These mood-altering drugs interfere with the way one thinks, behaves, makes decisions, interferes with one’s relationship, occupation, and obtaining a college degree. Also, more than half of the individuals who were addicted were men, and individuals who have a substance abuse disorder and another mental illness at the same time is called comorbidity disorder.
Traumatic Brain Injury. according to the National Institute for Mental Health (TBI) is a sudden injury to the brain that interferes with the function of the brain by a blow to the head. TBI can be a temporary or long-term effect on an individual. TBI symptoms such as mood changes could lead to physical, psychological issues, coma, headaches, and even death. Also, individuals diagnosed with TBI may need psychotherapy to learn coping skills in dealing with emotional issues (Hoge et al. 2008).
Veteran. Szymendera (2016), states some members of the military to qualify as a veteran must meet specific criteria. First, the vet is one who served on active duty, military, naval, or air service who discharged from the military under the condition of honorable discharge are considered veterans. The second criteria are to explore the evidence of the service member through military service records. The Veteran Administration is compelled by the data found in the military service member’s records. This document (DD214) is a certified record of the vet’s time served and their character while in the military service.
This study intends to explore the perceptions of employees serving veterans regarding how they view the influence education and marital status have on veteran homelessness. The employees who serve veterans at work daily could provide information on what they believe could work to lower or end veteran homelessness. Nevertheless, the researcher recognizes that assumptions, limitations, and delimitations of the study exist.
Assumptions. According to Simon (2011), assumptions are items that the researcher believes to be true. The following assumptions have been recognized by the researcher.
Limitations. Limitations are weaknesses in the study that cannot be controlled by the researcher (Simon, 2011). The following limitations have been recognized by the researcher.
Delimitations. Delimitation is a limitation in a study that was within the researcher’s control. The following delimitations have been recognized by the researcher.
Homelessness remains a world issue and having a veteran’s status increases the risk of unstable housing Hagar (2015) states the federal government defines homelessness are people who have a disability with no place to call home. Non- veteran homeless individuals and veteran homeless individuals share a commonality connected with homelessness such as childhood instability, mental health issues, substance abuse, low-income, living in foster care, and inadequate social support (Tsai & Cao, 2019; Tsai & Rosenheck, 2013).
Veterans who return home from long deployments try to readjust to civilian life and some veterans may have difficulties in returning to their daily routines before deployment (Sayer et al., 2010). The identification of the influence education and marital status have on veteran homelessness could assist in the creation of interventions that could prevent the prevalence of veterans being homeless. Employees who work for and serve homeless veterans could assist with identifying if they perceive education as a protective factor against homeless veterans. A recent study conducted by Tsai et al. (2017) indicated that veterans who were not married and were also diagnosed with a drug use disorder were two times more likely to become homeless, however, marital status was not explored independently. A qualitative study was chosen to provide an in-depth understanding and conversation the descriptions employees of homeless veterans provide regarding if education and marital status have an influence on veteran homelessness in their work populations. The study plans to explore the influence if at any, i education and marital status have on veteran homelessness.
[NM1]I would consider with your chair posing:
It is not known how employees who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of education and marital status on veteran homelessness. [NM1]
The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to explore how employees who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of education and marital status on veteran homelessness [NM1]in Southeastern Michigan.
RQ1: How do employees who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of education on veteran homelessness [NM1]?
RQ2: How do employees who serve homeless veterans describe the influence of marital status on veteran homelessness [NM1]?
[FPDC2]Updated phenomenon and RQs
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